c l i n i c a l f o l i o s : n a r r a t i v e





A D V E R T I S E M E N T

 

Breast Cancer: Staging: 7

A D V E R T I S E M E N T

   
 

Stage II is the presence of a small tumor (<2 cm) with isolated nodal metastasis, a moderate size (2-5 cm) tumor with or without scattered nodal metastasis, or the presence of a large tumor (>5cm) without nodal metastasis. Stage II is divided into A and B depending on the combination of features.      

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Breast Cancer: Staging: 8

A D V E R T I S E M E N T

   
 

The treatment options for stage II disease are similar to those for stage I, with the combination of local (surgery, radiotherapy) and systemic (chemotherapy, hormonal therapy). The choices are based on the character and extent of a particular patient's disease within the confines of the stage II parameters. A large tumor, for example may mitigate for mastectomy; multiple involved lymph nodes may mitigate for more radical chemotherapy.      

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Breast Cancer: Staging: 9

A D V E R T I S E M E N T

   
 

Stage III is disease that is spread beyond the breast in a more serious way than isolated nodal metastasis. The three features that, by themselves, establish stage III are:

matted, fixed axillary nodal metastasis (N2) or
• involvement of the chest wall or the skin (T4) by tumor, or
• the presence of internal mammary (N3) lymph node metastasis. 

These features may be combined with any other T or N category. A large (T3/>5 cm) tumor with mobile nodal metastasis (N1), also is a stage III. Stage III is also divided into A and B. Stage IIIB is either an extensive tumor or internal mammary node involvement with any combination of the other features.    

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This page was last modified on 7/12/1999.