The hypoglossal nerve was located by tracing the ansa hypoglossi upward to its origin. The nerve was looped and retracted out of harm's way. Injury to the hypoglossal can cause dysarthria and discoordinated swallowing leading to aspiration.
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The carotid arteries were reflected medially and were clearly separated from the underlying tumor mass. If the mass were a carotid body tumor, it would have been densely adherent to the back of the carotid bulb. The carotid body is usually a discrete, flat ovoid structure on the posterior side of the bulb at the bifurcation. It is one of several chemoreceptors of neural crest origin in the body which sense hypoxia, hypercarbia and acidosis and cause reflex respiratory stimulation. A normal vagus nerve was visualized apart from the tumor.
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