For a large incision, the knife is balanced on the middle finger and then fixed in position between the thumb and the other fingers. The incision is made with movement of the whole arm, with the weight of the arm applying appropriate pressure and the belly of the blade doing the cutting.
The knife cuts most comfortable from left to right (right-handed surgeon) and toward the surgeon. For a large incision, the knife is held like a pencil in a "pinch-chuck" grip. The heel of the hand is steadied on the patient. Forward and back movement and rotation are done from the level of the M-P joints. To turn a corner, the axis of the knife is elevated so that only a short portion of the cutting edge is in contact with the skin like a swivel knife. This avoids skiving.
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The silent signal to the scrub nurse for scissors is a scissoring motion of the surgeon's index and middle fingers. A curved scissors will be snapped points down (toward the palm), the most common position of use, unless otherwise specified by the surgeon. The tips of the thumb and ring finger are held in the rings and the index finger is extended to steady the blades.
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