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A D V E R T I S E M E N T
A D V E R T I S E M E N T
The pharyngeal muscles attach to the posterior borders of the thyroid cartilages and to the cricoid. The cricothyroid muscle effects movement between the cricoid and thyroid cartilages.
A D V E R T I S E M E N T
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The vocal ligaments, the fibrous core of the vocal cords, run from the vocal processes of the arytenoids cartilages to the inner surface of the thyroid cartilage just below the ligamentous attachment of the epiglottis. The opening between the cords is the rima glottis. In addition to resonating in adduction for vocal sounds, the rima glottis acts as an airway sphincter in coughing, sneezing and increasing intrathoracic and intraabdominal pressure (Valsalva). Voice frequency and pitch is a function of the length and tension of the vocal cords, while quality depends on the supralaryngeal resonators: pharynx, mouth and paranasal sinuses.
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A D V E R T I S E M E N T
The larynx is innervated by superior and recurrent laryngeal branches of the vagus nerve. The larger internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve penetrates the thyrohyoid membrane with a branch of the superior thyroid artery, and is sensory to the supraglottic laryngeal mucosa. The small external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve is motor to the cricothryoid muscles. The recurrent laryngeal nerves lie in or near the tracheoesophageal groove (see thyroidectomy) before entering the larynx beneath the inferior pharyngeal constrictor, posterior to the cricothyroid articulation. There may be multiple terminal branches, and the nerve or a branch lies within the suspensory ligament (of Berry) of the thyroid gland in about 25% of individuals. The recurrent laryngeal nerves innervate all the other intrinsic muscles of the larynx except the cricothryoid and is sensory to the subglottic laryngeal mucosa.
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This page was last modified on 5/30/2003.
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